2.1 Common features
It must be noted that all forms of writing hold many features in common, such as:
- Correct spelling and punctuation
- Accurate sentence structure
- Adequate and appropriate paragraphs
- Fluency (achieved through the use of appropriate diction and cohesive devices).
- Precise and concise expression
- Clarity
- Consistency in point of view and tone
In all forms of academic writing, with the exception of reflective and journal writing, the writer is expected to express the message in the impersonal and/or the third person. Furthermore, any piece of discursive writing must contain argumentation as well as explanation and documented evidence. (The writer must acknowledge all sources) .
A further hallmark of academic writing is its claim to specific structures for specific purposes. For an essay, for instance, there is the well known structure of:
- Introduction
- Body
- Conclusion
For the report there is the basic structure of:
- Introduction (including
- Discussion and interpretation
- Conclusion
Each text type or genre has a specific structure aimed at assisting the writer to achieve the purpose of the exercise methodically, logically and clearly.